All styles are appropriate, depending on the situation.
Telling
- Identifies a problem, considers alternative solutions, chooses one, and then tells the group what they are to do.
- Members’ views may be considered, but they do not participate directly in the decision-making.
Selling
- Makes the decision after consideration of organizational goals and group member’s interests. Although the idea is “sold,” it can be decided even if not “bought.”
- Explains to the group how the problem or task can be resolved or accomplished.
- Uses persuasion to carry out the decision.
Testing
- Identifies a problem and proposes a tentative solution.
- Asks for the reactions of those who will implement it.
- Leader makes the final decision after considering the reactions.
Consulting
- Presents a problem and relevant background information.
- Invites the group to increase the number of alternative actions to be considered.
- Leader selects the solution she/he regards as most promising from among those emerging during group discussions.
Joining
- Participates in the discussion as a member and agrees in advance to carry out whatever decision the group makes.
- May make a decision to make no decision.